Pregnancy is an exciting and challenging time for women. However, it can also be a time when many physical changes occur, including changes to the thyroid.
The thyroid gland plays an essential role in thyroid hormone production, which is critical for proper foetal development during pregnancy. Furthermore, pregnancy can affect women’s thyroid function, leading to pregnancy-related thyroid disorders.
In this blog post, we will explore the different types of pregnancy-related thyroid disorders and how to handle them.
Hyperthyroidism (Over-active Thyroid)
During pregnancy, hyperthyroidism is prevalent, occurring in approximately 1% of cases. Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone.
It can lead to symptoms such as anxiety, palpitations, weight loss, and heat intolerance. If left untreated, it can lead to severe complications such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and even miscarriage.
Treatment options for hyperthyroidism during pregnancy include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, and sometimes surgery.
Hypothyroidism (Under-active Thyroid)
Hypothyroidism is another pregnancy-related thyroid disorder that can occur during pregnancy, affecting approximately 2-3% of pregnancies.
Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland produces too little thyroid hormone. It can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, constipation, and depression.
If left untreated, hypothyroidism can lead to severe complications such as preterm birth, stillbirth, and impaired foetal brain development.
Treatment options for hypothyroidism during pregnancy include thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
Postpartum Thyroiditis
Postpartum thyroiditis is a condition that occurs after pregnancy in 5-9% of women. It is an autoimmune disorder where the body attacks the thyroid gland, leading to inflammation and damage.
The condition can lead to symptoms such as palpitations, fatigue, and weight loss in the first few months postpartum.
As the inflammation continues, it can lead to an underactive thyroid gland, which can cause symptoms such as weight gain, fatigue, and depression.
Treatment options for postpartum thyroiditis include thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
Screening for Thyroid Disorders
Screening for thyroid disorders during pregnancy is critical to prevent complications. Thyroid function tests are generally done during the first trimester and repeated during the second and third trimesters if needed.
Women with a personal or family history of thyroid disorders, type 1 diabetes, or other autoimmune disorders are at a higher risk of developing pregnancy-related thyroid disorders and should consult with their healthcare provider.
Lifestyle Changes
Making lifestyle changes can help manage and prevent pregnancy-related thyroid disorders. Eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and getting enough sleep can help improve thyroid function.
Women with hypothyroidism should avoid consuming high-fibre foods and iron supplements—which can interfere with thyroid hormone absorption—and iodized salt, seaweed, and seafood—which are high in iodine.
Conclusion
Pregnancy-related thyroid disorders are common and can lead to severe complications if left untreated. It is crucial to identify and manage these disorders to ensure the health of both the mother and the baby.
Screening for thyroid disorders during pregnancy and making lifestyle changes can help manage and prevent these disorders.
Consulting with your healthcare provider is essential for the proper diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy-related thyroid disorders.
